The major causative role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of pulp and periapical diseases has clearly been demonstrated, hence the goal of endodontic treatment is to remove all the vital and necrotic tissues, microorganisms and microbial by-products from root canal system. This goal can be achieved through chemical and mechanical debridement of root canals. However, the root canal complexity and the sophistication of the microbial biofilm suggested a shift from the static needle- delivered irrigation method to the dynamic activated irrigation techniques. In the last decades, several methods of irrigant activation was developed, tested and adopted by endodontists all over the world. But in the era of evidence-based dentistry it is important to understand that laboratory studies are required for the development of endodontic instruments, materials and techniques, and when they are designed with the same scientific rigour used for in vivo studies, they provide valid information that can inform the design of clinical research. However, considering the limitations of extrapolating the results of laboratory studies to clinical reality, the biological basis of clinical outcomes, bacterial reduction, etc… has to be evaluated by a clinical trial. Therefore, clinicians have to carefully evaluate available scientific data before adopting new techniques. So proper evidence synthesis of the efficacy of different activation methods and their impact on the clinical outcome of the root canal treatment will be reviewed to determine the necessity and the benefits of irrigant activation.

Dr. Mostafa Elkholy graduated from the Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine at Cairo University in 2006. He received his endodontic training as a resident in the Endodontics Department from 2007-2008 and then as a master’s degree student in the same department where he graduated in 2012. He joined the doctoral program at Ain Shams University in 2014, where he achieved his PhD. in 2018.

Dr. Elkholy has been serving as an Academic Instructor in the Endodontics Department for undergraduate and postgraduate programs at The British University in Egypt since 2012. He became a Lecturer of Endodontics at the same University in 2018. Dr. Elkholy is currently a senior lecturer of endodontics and the acting disciple lead at the school of dentistry, University of Western Australia. Mostafa’s private practice has been limited to endodontics since 2008. From 2012, Dr. Elkholy has been lecturing at national and international conferences in the field of Endodontics and providing training sessions and continuing education courses covering all the scope of endo-discipline.

Dr. Mostafa Elkholy has several national and international publications concerning Endodontics. Mostafa has an interest in canal instrumentation and the effect of instrumentation on root canals. He recently published a couple of articles supporting this topic in the Journal of Endodontics. In addition, Dr. Elkholy is a reviewer for the Journal of Endodontics and a member of the Editorial Board of the European Journal of Endodontics

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